What are iridoids used for?

The iridoids produced by plants act primarily as a defense against herbivores or against infection by microorganisms. The variable checkerspot butterfly also contains iridoids obtained through its diet which act as a defense against avian predators.

What is iridoid glycosides?

Iridoid glycosides are a group of compounds that have a structure related to iridodial (Figure 11). Iridoids have been regarded as defense chemicals against herbivores and pathogens, since iridoid glycosides generally have bitter taste and have antifeedant and growth inhibitory activities against insects.

What is a Iridoid in chemistry?

Iridoids comprise a large group of monoterpenoids, characterized by skeletons in which a six-membered ring, containing an oxygen atom, is fused to a cyclopentane ring (iridane skeleton).

Is atropine a Tropane alkaloid?

Main. Tropane alkaloids (TAs) such as cocaine and atropine are present in plants from the nightshade (Solanaceae), coca (Erythroxylaceae) and bindweed (Convolvulaceae) families.

What are the benefits of glycosides?

Flavonoid C-glycosides showed significant antioxidant activity, anticancer and antitumor activity, hepatoprotective activity, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetes activity, antiviral activity, antibacterial and antifungal activity, and other biological effects.

What is the meaning of a glycoside?

Glycosides can be defined as the compounds in which one or more sugars are combined with nonsugar molecules through glycosidic linkage.

What is the purpose of glycoside?

Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications.

What does atropine do to acetylcholine?

Atropine is a competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, a group of G-class receptor proteins, blocking the action of acetylcholine and therefore suppressing the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

What are Tropane alkaloids used for?

Tropane alkaloids are commonly used as anticolic and spasmolytic drugs (scopolamine) in both digestive and urinary tract spastic conditions. Also, atropine is commonly used in ophthalmological eyedrops to enlarge pupils, paralyze the accommodation reflex, and enable the ophthalmic examination.

What is the function of iridoids?

They are plant protectants and useful as markers of several gena in various plant families such as Plantago (Plantaginaceae), Galium (Rubiaceae), and Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae). Many iridoids, for example, those from the genus Gentiana, taste bitter.

Do Iridoids have a bitter taste?

Many iridoids, for example, those from the genus Gentiana, taste bitter. They exhibit a wide range of bioactivities including cardiovascular, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities.

What is an iridoid terpene?

Iridoids are derivatives of monoterpenes and occur usually, but not invariably, as glycosides.100,101 Structurally, they are cyclopentano [ c] pyran monoterpenoids and they provide a biogenetical and chemotaxonomical link between terpenes and alkaloids.