What causes twin growth discordance?

The causes of twin growth discordance are often unknown. The most important is considered to be monochorionicity, mainly because of unequal sharing, or of velamentous cord insertions in the IUGR twin [20]. Other possible causes are “intrauterine crowding” and the presence of malformations [21-23].

What is normal discordance in twins?

About 75% of twins exhibit < 15% discordance (concordant), 20% are 15-25% (mildly) discordant, and about 5% are more than 25% (severely) discordant. Higher frequencies and increased severity are seen among triplets.

What is it called when one twin is bigger than the other?

Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) is a prenatal condition in which twins share unequal amounts of the placenta’s blood supply resulting in the two fetuses growing at different rates.

What is weight discordance in twin pregnancy?

Birth weight discordance was defined as a difference of 20% or more of the weight of the heavier twin, associated with an intra-uterine growth restriction (10(th) percentile) of at least one twin. Ultrasound discordance was defined as a difference of estimated fetal weight>20%.

How is discordance measured?

Birth weight discordance =(larger twin weight−smaller twin weight) / larger twin weight×100.

What is the ultrasound criteria for discordant growth in monochorionic twinning?

Discordant growth in twin gestations, usually defined as a difference of >20% or 25%, has been found in 7% to 15% of MCDA twin pregnancies3, 4 and contributes to neonatal mortality and morbidity.

What is growth discordance?

Discordance was defined as a 20% or greater difference in birth weights and was calculated by using the formula (larger twin weight − smaller twin weight)/larger twin weight × 100.

What are the symptoms of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome?

A mother whose twins have TTTS may experience:

A sensation of the rapid growth of the womb.
A uterus that measures large for dates.
Abdominal pain, tightness, or contractions.
A sudden increase in body weight.
Swelling in the hands and legs in early pregnancy.

How do you calculate weight discordance with twins?

Calculation of Twin Birth Weight Discordance. A difference of 18% or greater in birth weight should prompt more intensive fetal monitoring [1]. Birth weight discordance =(larger twin weight−smaller twin weight) / larger twin weight×100.

How do you calculate growth discordance with twins?

What is twinnin growth discordance?

Twin Growth Discordance may happen in 25% of twin pregnancies. When you hear the term discordant twins, this means that the twins at birth show a distinct difference in size. Usually, the other twin’s weight is greater than 10%. This condition is common in identical twins but may also happen in fraternal twins.

What percentage of twins are discordant?

How do you test for discordant twins?

How are discordant twins diagnosed? Growth discordance can be estimated by measuring the crown-rump length at or before 12 weeks of gestation. During the second and third trimesters, however, ultrasound measures are best used to estimate fetal weight and the degree of birth weight discordance.

What happens if there is a discrepancy between the twins?

If the discrepancy is over 20%, there is a high possibility of the smaller twin to have adverse perinatal outcomes. This includes perinatal death (stillbirth), birth asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal infection, and birth trauma.