What is the bulk strength of ANFO?

Packaged in 50-pound bags or bulk-loaded from trucks, ANFO has properties as follows: Bulk density = 0.82 – 0.95 g/cm3, • Detonation velocity = 10,000 – 14,500 ft/sec, and • Detonation pressure = 20 – 25 kbar.

How strong is ANFO?

nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO), which is transported by tanker truck and pumped into the holes. When filled with ANFO, a blasthole 400 mm (about 16 inches) in diameter and 7.5 metres (about 25 feet) deep can develop about one billion horsepower.

Does ANFO expire?

Shelf Life – ANFO has a maximum shelf life of six (6) months dependent on temperature and humidity conditions. Storage in a high humidity and high temperature environment will accelerate product breakdown and should be avoided.

What explosive gives orange smoke?

How dangerous are the gases produced? When ammonium nitrate explodes, it can release toxic gases including nitrogen oxides and ammonia gas. The orange plume is caused by the nitrogen dioxide, which is often associated with air pollution.

Is ANFO water resistant?

ANFO is not waterproof or even resistant. ANFO can deflagrate if a significant amount of water has damaged the ANFO. ANFO can fail to detonate if water has damaged enough ANFO in the hole. If the ANFO shoots “low order”, it shoots inefficiently and produces excess gases.

How is blasting powder factor calculated?

Powder factor can be expressed as a quantity of rock broken by a unit weight of explosives. Since rock is usually measured in pounds, there are several possible combinations that can express the powder factor. Powder Factor = Tons of rock (or cubic yards) per pounds of explosive.

Can I buy ANFO?

People who want to buy it must produce a federal permit or a license issued by the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. They must also have a permit from the Department of Transportation to move the ANFO, and various state or local permits to use it.

What is more powerful ammonium nitrate or TNT?

“Ammonium nitrate has a TNT RE (relative effectiveness) factor of about 0.42, this equates 2,750 tons of AN to slightly more than 1 Kiloton of TNT.

At what temperature does ammonium nitrate explode?

400 degrees Fahrenheit
Ammonium nitrate would only explode on its own if its temperature was rapidly raised to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Any carbon-rich fuel—paper, cardboard, or even sugar—can pair with ammonium nitrate to produce more intense energy.

How is ANFO used in underground mining applications?

In surface mining applications, it is typically augured into boreholes by dedicated trucks that mix the AN and FO components immediately before the product is dispensed. In underground mining applications, ANFO is typically blow-loaded. AN is highly hygroscopic, readily absorbing water from air.

How much does 4.5oz of beef cost?

The best choice is 4.5oz for $1.69. While buying online or in-store, be careful not to get caught. Use PricePerLb.com on your smartphone and outsmart the stores! How to calculate the price per pound?

Where can I find the price per pound?

It is now easy to calculate the price per pound! – PricePerLB.com ( Price Per Pound) is a mobile-enabled, user-friendly website app, where you can compare prices using a mobile device, tablet, laptop or desktop computer.

How is powdered aluminium used to sensitize ANFO?

These voids are necessary to sensitize ANFO: they create so-called “hot spots”. Finely powdered aluminium can be added to ANFO to increase both sensitivity and energy; in commercial usages however, this has fallen out of favor due to cost. ANFO has a bulk density of about 840 kg/m 3.

What can ANFO be used for in mining?

Commercial ANFO is used in mining. It is relatively cheap and easily made. I used red coloured Agricultural Diesel and mixed it in a (non-ferrous) Aluminium trough which had a large 4″ plughole at the “coffin” shaped end which was located over the shot-hole that was to be loaded.

How is ANFO used in the blast hole?

ANFO is a dry and free flowing product, allowing delivery by loose pour or pneumatic loading. The low bulk density of ANFO provides excellent charge distribution in the blast hole.

How does ammonium nitrate fuel oil ( ANFO ) work?

This detonation wave radiates outward from the detonator at a speed of about 2 to 3 miles per second through the mixture of ammonium nitrate and fuel, Goodpaster said. The energy of the detonation wave causes the ammonium nitrate in the fertilizer to vaporize – the solid fertilizer becomes a gas in an instant.

Is there a detonator cap on ANFO?

Because ANFO / ANFAX is so stable, It is the devil of a job to get it to detonate unless you have “booster” cartridges or 50-gramme/mtr Superflex det-cord embedded within the charge column. Even an 8-”Star” detonator cap will not reliably initiate ANFO.