What is the definition of terrorism?

U.S. Army Manual definition terrorism is the “calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear. It is intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies… [to attain] political, religious, or ideological goals.” U.S. Army Field Manual No. FM 3-0, Chapter 9, 37 (14 June 2001).

What is pre-Vention of terrorism?

Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989: “….the use of violence for political ends, and includes any use of violence for the purpose of putting the public or any section of the public in fear.” 8. That definition had major drawbacks.

What is the North Atlantic Treaty Organization definition of terrorism?

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Definition of Terrorism. The unlawful use or threatened use of force or violence against individuals or property in an attempt to coerce or intimidate governments or societies to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives.

What is the army manual definition of terrorism?

Army Manual definition terrorism is the “calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear. It is intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies

What is the Federal Bureau of Investigation definition of terrorism?

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Definition of Terrorism. The unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

What is a terrorist act?

The contemporary label of “terrorist” is highly pejorative– it denotes a lack of legitimacy and morality. As a practical matter, so-called acts of “terrorism” or terrorism are often a tactic committed by the actors as part of a larger military or geo-political agenda.

What is the definition of terrorism according to NCTC?

“NCTC uses the definition of terrorism found in Title 22, which provides that terrorism is “premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents.” 4

Terrorism remains a contested term, with no set definition for the concept or broad agreement among academic experts on its usage. Bruce Hoffman of Georgetown University has defined terrorism as “violence—or equally important, the threat of violence—used and directed in pursuit of, or in service of, a political aim.”

What is domestic terrorism?

Domestic terrorism: Violent, criminal acts committed by individuals and/or groups to further ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as those of a political, religious, social, racial, or environmental nature.

What are the characteristics of a terrorist act?

All terrorist acts involve violence or the threat of violence. Terrorism is specifically designed to have far-reaching psychological effects beyond the immediate victim (s) or object of the terrorist attack.

Why is it important to understand terrorism?

But understanding terrorism is important, because policies enacted in the name of national security affect a wide range of issues, such as encryption on mobile phone apps, admission of refugees, and distribution of foreign aid. In the United States, current discussions focus mostly on Islamist terrorism emanating from the Middle East.

What is the meaning of portolano?

a descriptive atlas of the Middle Ages, giving sailing directions and providing charts showing rhumb lines and the location of ports and various coastal features. Words nearby portolano. Origin of portolano.

What is the origin of the word terror?

The word terror is over 2,100 years old. In ancient Rome, the terror cimbricuswas a state of panic and emer- gency in response to the coming of the Cimbri tribe killers in 105 BCE. This description of terrorism as being rooted in terror is an example of etymology. Etymologyis the study of the origin and evolution of words.

What are the 4 characteristics of terrorism?

Terrorism is often, though not always, defined in terms of four characteristics: (1) the threat or use of violence; (2) a political objective; the desire to change the status quo; (3) the intention to spread fear by committing spectacular public acts; (4) the intentional targeting of civilians.

What is the difference between terrorism and mala prohibita?

Terrorist acts are both mala prohibita acts and mala in se acts. Mala prohibita acts are “crimes that are made illegal by legislation”; mala in se acts are crimes “that are immoral or wrong in themselves.” 22. Terrorism is, first and foremost, a method, and it is used in times of peace and conflict.

Does the UN have a customary definition of terrorism?

Certainly, whenever terrorism terminology is referred to within a United Nations instrument, such as a resolution, it should not be understood as implying the existence of a customary definition.

How do citizens react to counter-terrorism?

Citizens are more accepting of the loss of individual civil rights in the name of counter-terrorism. Government abuse is an over-reaction to terrorism and can be followed by a backlash by citizens. One of the aims of a terrorist act is to precipitate an inappropriate reaction by governments (12).