Why are halogenated hydrocarbons bad?
Why are halogenated hydrocarbons bad?
Halogenated hydrocarbons (HHCs) are totally artificial compounds, and are not found in nature. They are very persistent in the environment and in living organisms, having an affinity for high-fat tissues including the nervous system. Some of these man-made chemicals can disrupt normal endocrine physiology in animals.
What is halogenated hydrocarbon?
Halogenated hydrocarbons, also known as halocarbons, are hydrocarbon compounds in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen (Group VII A of the Periodic Table) atom, such as fluorine, chlorine, or bromine.
How does halothane sensitize the heart to adrenaline?
It is concluded that the mechanism of sensitization to epinephrine by halothane to produce minor ventricular arrhythmia is mainly due to the slowing of the sinus rate by halothane and its direct effect on the ventricular myocardium is a cubsidiary factor.
Why do halogenated compounds persist the environment?
halogenated compunds dont breakdown easily by the action of micro organisms bacterias or weather…so they are imperishable in the soil like bio degradable wastes and continue chocking soil surfaces like plastics…
What are the harmful effects of organic halides in the environment?
Because of the danger of formation of toxic metabolites, the biochemistry of the xenobiotic degradation must be elucidated before active bioremediation is practiced on polluted soil or water. Groundwater pollution by chlorophenols led to increased disease among the exposed population in one well-studied case.
How does hydrocarbons affect the body?
When a hydrocarbon gets into the stomach, it usually passes through the body with little more than burping and an episode of diarrhea. However, if it enters the lungs, it can cause a pneumonia-like condition; irreversible, permanent lung damage; and even death.
What are halogenated hydrocarbons and their toxicity?
28.10. 5 Halogenated Hydrocarbons
| Chemical | Acute Effects |
|---|---|
| Alkanes | Central nervous system impairment |
| Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |
| Toluene | Central nervous system depression, including agitation, delirium, coma |
| Xylenes | Liver toxicity, including steatosis, hepatic cell necrosis, and partial tract enlargement |
How does hydrocarbons affect the human body?
Swallowing or inhaling hydrocarbons can cause lung irritation, with coughing, choking, shortness of breath, and neurologic problems. Sniffing or breathing fumes can cause irregular heartbeats, rapid heart rate, or sudden death, particularly after exertion or stress.
Why does halothane cause arrhythmias?
The arrhythmias encountered during halothane administration consisted of those resulting from depression of atrioventricular conduction (dis- sociation with interference and nodal rhythm) and ventricular extrasystoles.
Why Epinephrine is contraindicated with halothane?
Cutaneous infiltration of dilute solutions of epinephrine for hemostasis during halothane anesthesia can result in ventricular dysrhythmias.
What is cardiac sensitivity to hydrocarbons?
An increased sensitivity of the heart to catecholamines or cardiac sensitization is a recognized risk during acute human exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons used as solvents, foam-blowing or fire-extinguishing agents, refrigerants, and aerosol propellants.
What are halogenated hydrocarbons (HHC)?
Halogenated hydrocarbons (HHCs) include aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, polyaromatic, and heterocyclic hydrocarbons, which have been in commercial use for several decades. Each group of HHC may exert a common set of biological effects whose efficacy (toxicity) may vary among members of the group.
Is cardiac sensitivity to industrial halocarbons mechanically motivated?
Although cardiac sensitization to such “industrial” halocarbons can result in serious arrhythmia and death, research into its mechanistic basis has been limited, whereas the literature on volatile anesthetics (e.g., halothane, chloroform) is comparably extensive.
How do hydrocarbons with high volatility affect pulmonary toxicity?
Hydrocarbons with a high volatility can vaporize and displace oxygen, which can lead to a transient state of hypoxia. Not surprisingly, the degree of volatility is directly related with the risk of aspiration. The amount of hydrocarbon ingested has not consistently been linked to the degree of aspiration and hence pulmonary toxicity.