What causes EPO resistance?

In addition to the iron deficiency, the most common causes of resistance include inflammation, infection, malnutrition, inadequate dialysis, and hyperparathyroidism, although other factors may be associated. In the presence of adequate iron stores, other causes should be investigated and treated appropriately.

What condition is known as erythropoietin resistant anemia?

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a relatively deficient erythropoietin (EPO) production, and this is the main cause of anemia in this group.1 In its severe form, anemia decreases quality of life and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in dialysis patients, so the implementation of …

How long does it take for EPOGEN to work?

It takes time for your body to make new red blood cells and raise your hemoglobin (Hb) level. With EPOGEN® treatment, Hb levels usually increase in 2 to 6 weeks. Your doctor will test your blood regularly—at least weekly at the beginning of your treatment—to make sure EPOGEN® is working.

What is EPO resistance?

EPO resistance might also be caused by inflammation, which has a negative effect on EPO receptors. Furthermore, neocytolysis could have a role. As resistance to exogenous EPO is associated with an increased risk of death, it is important to understand how cardiorenal failure affects EPO production and function.

What is the most common cause of erythropoietin deficiency?

If you have too little erythropoietin, which is usually caused by chronic kidney disease, there will be fewer red blood cells and you will have anaemia. Erythropoietin has been made synthetically for the treatment of anaemia that results from chronic kidney failure.

Why is EPO given in CKD?

To get the marrow to make red blood cells, the kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin, or EPO. When the kidneys are damaged, they may not make enough EPO. Without enough EPO, the bone marrow does not make enough red blood cells, and you have anemia.

What is the purpose of Epogen?

EPOGEN® increases hemoglobin (Hb) levels and decreases the need for blood transfusions. Your doctor will determine the appropriate Hb level for you to reduce the need for blood transfusions. EPOGEN® should not be used in place of emergency red blood cell transfusions to treat anemia.

Is Epogen an ESA?

These drugs are given by injection (shot) and work by stimulating the production of more red blood cells. These cells are then released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. There are two ESAs on the U.S. market: epoetin alfa (Procrit,® Epogen®), and darbepoietin alfa (Aranesp®).

What causes lack of hemoglobin response to Epogen?

Lack Or Loss Of Hemoglobin Response To Epogen. For lack or loss of hemoglobin response to Epogen, initiate a search for causative factors (e.g., iron deficiency, infection, inflammation, bleeding). If typical causes of lack or loss of hemoglobin response are excluded, evaluate for PRCA [see Pure Red Cell Aplasia].

What should I do if my dose of Epogen decreases?

Decreases in dose can occur more frequently. Avoid frequent dose adjustments. If the hemoglobin rises rapidly (e.g., more than 1 g/dL in any 2-week period), reduce the dose of Epogen by 25% or more as needed to reduce rapid responses.

Is Epogen indicated for patients who are willing to donate autologous blood?

Epogen is not indicated for patients who are willing to donate autologous blood pre-operatively. Epogen has not been shown to improve quality of life, fatigue, or patient well-being.

When should Epogen be given to patients with chronic kidney disease?

For adult patients with CKD on dialysis: Initiate Epogen treatment when the hemoglobin level is less than 10 g/dL. If the hemoglobin level approaches or exceeds 11 g/dL, reduce or interrupt the dose of Epogen.