What are calcium ionophores?

Calcium ionophore (A23187) is a highly selective calcium ionophore, which can form stable complex with Ca2+ and pass through the cell membrane at will, effectively increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels. It has been reported that calcium ionophore (A23187) can activate oocytes and obtain normal embryos.

What are examples of ionophores?

Ionophore compounds include monensin (Coban, Rumensin, Rumensin CRC, Kexxtone), lasalocid (Avatec, Bovatec), salinomycin (Bio-cox, Sacox), narasin (Monteban, Maxiban), maduramicin (Cygro), laidlomycin (Cattlyst), and semduramicin (Aviax).

How does A23187 work?

A23187 has antibiotic properties against gram positive bacteria and fungi. It also acts as a divalent cation ionophore, allowing these ions to cross cell membranes, which are usually impermeable to them.

How does ionomycin work?

Ionomycin is a calcium ionophore used to increase intracellular calcium concentration, it does so by: Facilitating the transport of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane. Releasing Ca2+ from its intracellular stores without the involvement of G proteins, resulting in the activation of calcium-activated chlorine channels.

What is the function of calcium ions?

Calcium ions (Ca2+) contribute to the physiology and biochemistry of organisms’ cells. They play an important role in signal transduction pathways, where they act as a second messenger, in neurotransmitter release from neurons, in contraction of all muscle cell types, and in fertilization.

What is AOA in IVF?

Artificial oocyte activation (AOA) is an effective method to avoid total fertilization failure in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. AOA performed using a calcium ionophore can induce calcium oscillation in oocytes and initiate the fertilization process.

What are the 2 types of ionophores?

There are two types of ionophore: channel formers, which combine to form a channel in the membrane through which ions can flow; and mobile ion carriers, which transport ions across a membrane by forming a complex with the ion. Examples of ionophores include vancomycin and nigericin.

What are ionophores used for?

Ionophores are a class of antibiotics that are used in cattle production to shift ruminal fermentation patterns. They are not bactericidal (they do not kill the bacteria); they simply inhibit their functionality and ability to reproduce.

How does an ionophore work?

An ionophore (from Greek ion and -phore, “ion carrier”) is a chemical species that reversibly binds ions. Many ionophores are lipid-soluble entities that transport ions across the cell membrane. Some ionophores are synthesized by microorganisms to import ions into their cells.

How do you take ionomycin?

Store at or below -20ºC. Before use, dissolve powder in 1.1 ml DMSO to make a 3 mM ionomycin stock solution. For working concentrations of 1 μM-3 μM, dilute DMSO stock 1:3000 to 1:1000. Treat cells with the desired concentration for intended time.

What does ionomycin do to cells?

Ionomycin is a membrane permeable calcium ionophore produced by the bacterium Streptomyces conglobatus. This ionophore facilitates the transfer of calcium ions (Ca2+) into and out of cells [1]. Ionomycin can be used to increase intracellular calcium levels triggering cell death through apoptosis and autophagy [1].

Is CA an anion or cation?

List of Ions in the CCCBDB