What are the different methods of excavation?

There are number of excavation methods which are used for deep foundation construction such as full open cut method, bracing excavation, anchored excavation, island excavation methods,zoned excavation, top down construction methods etc.

What are the three methods to protect workers from collapsing excavations?

Methods of Protection

Sloping and Benching. This method is considered the safest of the four methods.
Timber shoring. This method requires installing aluminum hydraulic, pneumatic, other types of supports to shore up the trench face prevent movement of soil.
Shielding.
Engineered design.

What are deep excavations?

Excavation is a procedure that involves soil or/and rock removal in order to form a cavity and create construction space using different techniques. Excavations that exceed a depth of 4.5m (15ft) are considered Deep Excavations.

How are excavations done?

Some of the different processes used in excavation include trenching, digging, dredging and site development. Each of these processes requires unique techniques, tools and machinery to get the job done right. The processes used will depend upon the structure that will result from the construction process.

How do you protect deep excavation?

Those methods are sloping, benching, and shoring or shielding. Sloping: Sloping is a viable option as a protective system. Sloping is often the most cost-effective way to protect employees from potential trenching and excavation hazards.

What is the method used to prevent excavation edge from collapse?

Soil collapse in a trench can be prevented either by side slope or by benching of side wall or by shoring.

What is deep well dewatering?

Deep well dewatering systems are used to lower groundwater levels to provide stable working conditions in excavations. A deep well system comprises of an array of drilled or jetted wells, each fitted with an electric submersible pump.

What are the control measures of excavation?

Falls of material into the workings can also be prevented by not storing spoil material near the top of the excavation. The workers should wear hard hats. If the excavation is more than 2 m deep, a substantial barrier consisting of guardrails and toe boards should be provided around the surface of the workings.

How many types of excavators are there?

The many types of excavators include wheeled, walker, towed and rail excavators. Related to tracked tanks widely used by armies, these crawlers move upon the same rotating wheel systems, but also have the ability to dig, pick and transport excavated materials as they proceed.

What are the steps of excavation?

How Does the Excavation Process Work?