What is the anatomy of a lymph node?

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures about 0.1 – 2.5 cm in length. The node is enclosed in a capsule and has an indentation on one surface (along one of its long axes) known as the hilum. The hilum is the point at which arteries carrying nutrients and lymphocytes enter the lymph node and veins leave it.

Where are lymph nodes located anatomically?

Lymph nodes are found at the convergence of major blood vessels, and an adult will have approximately 800 nodes commonly sited in the neck, axilla, thorax, abdomen, and groin. These filter incoming lymph and play a role in infection as well as in malignancy.

What are the major groups of lymph nodes in the head and neck?

In the head and neck, lymph nodes are arranged in two horizontal rings and two vertical chains on either side of the neck. The outer, superficial ring consists of the occipital, preauricular (parotid), submandibular and submental nodes.

Is swollen lymph node painful?

Swollen lymph nodes can be as small as peas or as large as cherries. They can be painful to the touch, or they can hurt when you make certain movements. Swollen lymph nodes under the jaw or on either side of the neck may hurt when you turn your head in a certain way or you’re chewing food.

What is Level 3 lymph node of the neck?

Level III nodes are located between the hyoid superiorly and a horizontal plane defined by the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage. The sternohyoid muscle marks the anterior limit of level III, and the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is the posterior border.

When should you worry about a swollen lymph node?

When to see a doctor See your doctor if you’re concerned or if your swollen lymph nodes: Have appeared for no apparent reason. Continue to enlarge or have been present for two to four weeks. Feel hard or rubbery, or don’t move when you push on them.