What is the pathophysiology of Abruptio Placentae?

Pathophysiology. Placental abruption is where a part or all of the placenta separates from the wall of the uterus prematurely. Abruption is thought to occur following a rupture of the maternal vessels within the basal layer of the endometrium. Blood accumulates and splits the placental attachment from the basal layer.

How does hypertension cause placental abruption?

Prior placental abruption – if a woman has had the condition before, she is at high risk of having it again. Hypertension – high blood pressure increases the risk of abnormal bleeding between the placenta and the wall of the uterus. In nearly half of placenta abruption cases (44%), the pregnant mother is hypertensive.

What maternal condition is associated with Abruptio Placentae?

A placental abruption caused by arterial bleeding at the center of the placenta leads to sudden development of severe symptoms and life-threatening conditions including fetal heart rate abnormalities, severe maternal hemorrhage, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for Abruptio Placentae?

High blood pressure. This is the biggest risk factor for placenta abruptio, whether the high blood pressure is a long-term problem or is caused by the pregnancy (preeclampsia). Having had placenta abruptio before.

What are the predisposing factors for Abruptio Placentae quizlet?

Risk factors in abruptio placentae include the following: Maternal hypertension – Most common cause of abruption, occurring in approximately 44% of all cases. Maternal trauma (eg, motor vehicle collision [MVC], assaults, falls) – Causes 1.5-9.4% of all cases. Cigarette smoking.

What causes high blood pressure during labor?

The exact cause, however, isn’t known. Researchers suspect that it may involve problems with the blood vessel development between the placenta and uterus, which in turn causes a reaction in a pregnant woman’s blood vessels.

Why does IUGR cause oligohydramnios?

Oligohydramnios is a frequent finding in pregnancies involving intrauterine growth restriction and is most likely secondary to decreased fetal blood volume, renal blood flow and subsequently fetal urine output.

Why does oligohydramnios cause pulmonary hypoplasia?

During lung development, the main physical force experienced by the lungs is stretching induced by breathing movements and the lung fluid in the airspaces. Oligohydramnios reduces the intrathoracic cavity size, thus disrupting fetal lung growth and leading to pulmonary hypoplasia.

What is abruptio placentae (placental abruption)?

Placental abruption is also called abruptio placentae.[1][2] Placental abruption is the early separation of a placenta from the lining of the uterus before completion of the second stage of labor. It is one of the causes of bleeding during the second half of pregnancy.

What is the pathophysiology of placenta separation?

Pathophysiology Placental abruption occurs when the maternal vessels tear away from the placenta and bleeding occurs between the uterine lining and the maternal side of the placenta. As the blood accumulates, it pushes the uterine wall and placenta apart.

Can a fall cause a placenta to rupture?

Finally, trauma to the abdomen such as a motor vehicle accident, fall, or violence resulting in a blow to the abdomen may lead to placental abruption. Placental abruption occurs when there is a compromise of the vascular structures supporting the placenta.

Can a placental abruption cause light bleeding?

It’s possible for the blood to become trapped inside the uterus, so even with a severe placental abruption, there might be no visible bleeding. In some cases, placental abruption develops slowly (chronic abruption), which can cause light, intermittent vaginal bleeding.