Which immunoglobulin is associated with multiple myeloma?

The most common type of heavy chain produced in myeloma is IgG, followed by IgA and then IgD. IgM myelomas are rare, but when IgM is elevated in the blood, the patient more likely has a related disorder, known as Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia.

What is high IgD?

Monoclonal IgD proteins are often in low concentrations and do not have a quantifiable M-peak on serum protein electrophoresis. However, the presence of an IgD monoclonal protein is almost always indicative of a malignant plasma cell disorder such as multiple myeloma or primary amyloidosis.

What is IgE multiple myeloma?

IgE multiple myeloma is a rare disease characterized by a high frequency of Bence-Jones proteinuria and plasma cell leukaemia when compared to other isotypes of monoclonal proteins. Only 35 cases have been reported.

What is kappa and lambda?

There are two types of light chains: kappa and lambda chains. The ratio or proportion between the kappa and lambda light chains indicates an excess production of one chain over the other, and therefore can be used as an indication of disease progression or remission.

Is IgM low in multiple myeloma?

IgM MM is a rare hematological disease representing less than 0.5% of all myeloma cases [1]. Differential diagnosis with other IgM-related entities, such as IgM MGUS and WM, still represents a challenge for clinicians.

What causes elevated IgD?

Hyper IgD syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene MVK which encodes the enzyme mevalonate kinase. The mutations lead to a partial deficiency of the enzyme mevalonate kinase. This enzyme converts a substance called mevalonic acid into mevalonate-5-phosphate.

What does IgD do in the body?

In B cells, the function of IgD is to signal the B cells to be activated. By being activated, B cells are ready to take part in the defense of the body as part of the immune system. During B cell differentiation, IgM is the exclusive isotype expressed by immature B cells.

Can CA125 detect myeloma?

Although increased CA125 can also be detected in many benign or malignant conditions including several hematological diseases (Russo et al., 2007), so far the significance of serum CA125 level in patients with IgE myeloma has not been found.

What happens if IgE levels are high?

The blood usually has small amounts of IgE antibodies. Higher amounts can be a sign that the body overreacts to allergens, which can lead to an allergic reaction. IgE levels can also be high when the body is fighting an infection from a parasite and from some immune system conditions.