What is MLSB phenotype?

What is MLSB phenotype?

MLSB phenotype can be expressed as constitutive or inducible [12]. Isolates with a constitutive MLSB phenotype express high level cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B. In fact, clinical methicillin-resistant strains that are constitutively resistant to MLSB antibiotics are widespread.

What is MLSB resistance?

They confer cross resistance between macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (so-called MLSB resistance) and evoke most concerns. Active efflux and inactivating enzymes (M and L) represent two additional mechanisms of resistance that are targeted only to particular antibiotics or antibiotic classes.

What is macrolide Lincosamide Streptogramin?

aureus) is considered as one of the most important pathogens due to its resistance to certain antibiotics and its propensity to recur chronically. Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) antibiotics, including erythromycin, clindamycin and spiramycin, are frequently used for treatment of bovine mastitis [5, 6].

What does MLSB stand for?

MLSB

What drugs are Lincosamides?

Lincosamides are a class of antibiotics, which include lincomycin, clindamycin, and pirlimycin.

What are Streptogramins used to treat?

Streptogramins are a class of antibiotics. Streptogramins are effective in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), two of the most rapidly growing strains of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Is Lincosamides bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

Lincosamides are bacteriostatic agents; they prevent bacterial replication by interfering with the protein synthesis and may also demonstrate bactericidal (kill bacteria) activity against certain organisms at high antibiotic concentrations.

Are Lincosamides narrow or broad spectrum?

The two established members of the group of antibiotics known as the lincosamides, lincomycin and its semisynthetic derivative clindamycin, have a narrow antibacterial spectrum involving mostly Gram-positive species and some obligate anerobes, such as Bacteroides.

Is streptogramins bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

The streptogramins consist of mixtures of two structurally distinct compounds, type A and type B, which are separately bacteriostatic, but bactericidal in appropriate ratios. These antibiotics act at the level of inhibition of translation through binding to the bacterial ribosome.

Are lincosamides narrow or broad spectrum?

Why lincosamides are used for Gram-positive pathogens?

Lincosamides do not interfere with protein synthesis in human cells (or those of other eukaryotes) due to structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Lincosamides are used against Gram-positive bacteria since they are unable to pass through the porins of Gram-negative bacteria.

How do you determine the phenotype of an individual?

The phenotype is determined by an individual’s genotype and expressed genes or by visible trait, for instance, hair colour or type, eye colour body shape, and height. It depends on the genotype but also influenced by the factors in the environment.

What is the difference between same genotype and same phenotype?

Same phenotype may or may not belong to same genotype. Present inside the body as genetic material. Expression of genes as the external appearence. The genotype is inherited from the parent to the offspring. The phenotype is not inherited from the parent.

Is the phenotype inherited from the parent or the offspring?

The phenotype is not inherited from the parent. It can be determined by scientific methods such as the polymerase chain reaction. It can be determined by observing the organism. It is affected by genes. It is affected by genotype and environmental conditions. For eg., Blood group, eye colour, height, genetic diseases.

Phenotypic and genotypic study of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Tehran, Iran